Carotid Stenosis

Carotid stenosis refers to the narrowing of one or both of the carotid arteries, which are vital blood vessels responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. The primary cause of carotid stenosis is the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque within the arteries. This plaque consists of cholesterol, fat, calcium, and other substances that accumulate over time, leading to the narrowing of the arterial walls.

In its early stages, carotid stenosis might not exhibit noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, individuals might experience transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or mini-strokes, which can cause temporary symptoms like sudden weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking on one side of the body. In more severe cases, a full-blown stroke can occur, resulting in more lasting neurological deficits.

Carotid stenosis can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Imaging techniques such as carotid ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are commonly used to assess the degree of stenosis and identify the presence of plaques.

The treatment approach for carotid stenosis depends on the severity of the condition and the risk of stroke. Lifestyle modifications, including a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation, are often recommended to manage risk factors. Medications like antiplatelet agents and cholesterol-lowering drugs may be prescribed to prevent blood clots and reduce plaque formation. In cases of significant stenosis, surgical interventions such as carotid endarterectomy (surgical removal of the plaque) or carotid artery stenting (placement of a stent to widen the artery) might be considered to restore proper blood flow and reduce the risk of stroke.